Magellanism

authentic artistic productions
the avant garde…
whisper unconscious koens
subliminal social suggestions
haunting the ready, the restless…
prepares ground
for punctuated emergence

what is this light ???
a cascading series
of erotic creative toggles
which vitalize the preparation
of this special autopoesis
the poetry of our collective dance
becomes obvious
in these special glimpses
of the great remembering

it’s more than the eros
of pursuing the excellent questions,
the loving play and design
of cognitive gifts and exercise…
it’s more than the sacred reverence
of our sanga in practice,
this emergent suchness,
exhibiting delicious blended elements
of both…
ah !!

at this intersection of our experience
a fresh, new, and alive we-ness emerges
mysterious, gorgeous, seductive presentations
the stuff of this new manifestation
the resonance of our fresh social moment
this precious group
this shared new luminance
new containers are formed
already brimming,
with our splendid light

SpinbitZ Week 6 (4/16) – Interface Epistemology Part 1 – At the Crossroads of Embodiment – 543-625

544  According to the embryogenesis of the concept,i* differentiation manifests necessarily at first as polarity, and the interface is the cultivated/cultivating third in the recognition of the unity and triunity within the terminal and irresolvable ends of any duality.  Recall also that some of these root-level, or meta-paradigmatic polarities are operationalized in the Vision-Logic Coordinate System, with its transitive, immanent/transcendent omni-, and uni- axes—and their respective triune interfaces, such as the transitive-plane and the platonic sphere, for the omni- and uni-axes, respectively.  As we have just seen in Spinoza’s Attribute Polarity, the omni-, and uni- interfaces each play critical roles as the cultivated thirds at the crossroads of the ontic/epistemic and subject/object polarities.  And, as we have also seen, the interface of the immanent/transcendent uni-axis (the spheroidal and bounded “finite unity” and “unit-identity”) is the very beginning of Mathematics in its holarchical embryogenesis as found in Interface Mathematics, just as it is the beginning of representation or mimetic consciousness (roughly the epistemic) itself in the nucleation of observability.  Indeed, Interface Philosophy itself is a “vision-logic interface” for transferring the framework of a new, nondual way of rational, trans-rational and even empirical thinking, into various realms of application.

545  Interface Epistemology, therefore, explores the relative interface and relation between the two fully relative “worlds” of form—the epistemic and the ontic; representation and sub-representation; the map and the territory—but it does so in the context of the Univocity Framework which embodies the essence of the principle of nonduality in the polarity of polarity,i* keeping open and ineffable the absolute scope, while exploring the relative world of real form (e.g. Brahma) and the endless possibilities of its real representations and illusions (e.g. Maya).

549  The task of post-Kantian, post-ontotomy Interface Philosophy, then, has been to bring the ontic back out of the absolute scope, and to provide an epistemic interface for exploring this lost continent.  And in this process we will continue to demonstrate that the ontic is not the ineffable, untouchable Absolute, but fully within the relative and effable world of form embraced in the very interface of Maya and Brahma.  And indeed, this interface of Maya coming to know Brahma grows ever larger as more and more unknown territory is uncovered daily and become known.  But more to the point, in our relative freedom to explore the lost ontic continent of Brahma in epistemic union with Maya, we will then be equipped to explore the lofty heights to which only Maya can lift us.

557  As the attentive reader can see, in our EOTC of the epistemic categories, we now have a fourth and even a fifth level differentiated-and-integrated into our original triune holarchy; the epistemic subject, the subject/object interface and the epistemic object.   So now we have the fivefold delineation of epistemology; (1) the ontic, (2) the ontic/epistemic interface gradient, (3) meaning, (4) the meaning/language interface gradient, and (5) language.

558  The Absolute scope breaks into the relative scope and then into the ontic/epistemic (Brahma/Maya) holarchy/polarity.  From there we expand the category of the ontic/epistemic interface gradient and break it into the intra-objective/intra-subjective sensory-mnemonic primitives, and complexes. Via Aristotle, we have also expanded the category of the epistemic first into meaning and then into higher level language and into the inter-objective/inter-subjective meme-complexes, such as schools of thought, where language and meaning unfold each other into ever higher and higher levels of complexity.  The Absolute scope breaks into the relative scope and then into the ontic/epistemic (Brahma/Maya) holarchy/polarity.  From there we expand the category of the ontic/epistemic interface gradient and break it into the intra-objective/intra-subjective sensory-mnemonic primitives, and complexes. Via Aristotle, we have also expanded the category of the epistemic first into meaning and then into higher level language and into the inter-objective/inter-subjective meme-complexes, such as schools of thought, where language and meaning unfold each other into ever higher and higher levels of complexity.

563  The Absolute scope breaks into the relative scope and then into the ontic/epistemic (Brahma/Maya) holarchy/polarity.  From there we expand the category of the ontic/epistemic interface gradient and break it into the intra-objective/intra-subjective sensory-mnemonic primitives, and complexes. Via Aristotle, we have also expanded the category of the epistemic first into meaning and then into higher level language and into the inter-objective/inter-subjective meme-complexes, such as schools of thought, where language and meaning unfold each other into ever higher and higher levels of complexity.

567-568  So, in the integration of AQAL metatheory with Interface Philosophy, we can say that any epistemic mapping of an Immanent/Transcendent axis and coordinate into a transitive-plane of relation must include the four quadrants if it hopes to be all-inclusive and “integrally informed” of the fundamental perspectives of human (and perhaps indeed nonhuman) awareness.  To be sure, we can simply imagine that in the exfoliation of any transitive-plane from any Immanent/Transcendent axis, the AQAL map is implicit, and can be made explicit in order that one quadrant not be neglected or reduced out of the picture for the sake of any of the others.

571  So, the danger with these statements which seem to imply the absolute fundamentality of epistemic points of view or perspectives without making clear the acknowledgment of the ontic-level embodiment in holons and bounded form—and indeed the interface and holonic gradient of emergence necessary for representational embodiment itself—is that IMP can seem to collapse to an epistemic absolutism.  The hope, therefore, is that IMP will clarify this ambiguity in the explication of the ontic-epistemic polarity, in its exploration of “post-ontology” with the corollary that “All is holonic.”

583  Indeed, the most consistent way to understand this periodic quantization of holarchical involution and evolution is that the enfoldment of infinite holarchic complexity itself maintains the extreme unit integrity of the simplest holons or units, as the energies maximally emergent at the focal point of the unit become internally refracted and reflected toward harmonic self-reinforcement and self-stabilization (e.g. inertia).i   In this sense we have another true polarity: Holons of MINIMAL outward or inter-unit complexity occur precisely at the focal point of MAXIMAL complexity, where they can finally harness the complexity of the infinite holarchy into their own self-stabilization and inertial integrity.  Simplest bodies, then, are simplest precisely because they are internally the most complex and self-organized.  In this sense, evolution itself leads directly to involution at the next level.  Indeed, evolution and involution are the two sides of the same coin, because it is increasing complexity itself— evolution—that allows involution to proceed toward the self-centering, self-harmonizing, self-focusing of its ever higher ground-levels of simplest bodies.  Evolution, then, is involution seen in reverse.  And we can see this as a harmonic corollary to our Principle of Immanence in Transcendence.  Just as immanence is transcendence if seen from “beneath,” so too involution is evolution if seen from within its unfolding process.

586  So the meditator is approaching the “ground of being” in many senses.  He is approaching the ground of holonic simplicity itself (minimal depth), in minimizing the complexity of his thoughts—breakingthem down or “pulverizing” them from mnemonic complexes to primitives—while at the same time approaching a general self-similarity (or roughly analogous “psychic” form) to the actual internal structure of the simplest holons with their maximization of the internally inter-harmonizing patterns of infinite energy at the emergent focal point at the interface(vinculum) of awareness itself, of the implicit singularity of the immanent/transcendent uni-axis.  It is this implicit singularity (or an “infinite number” of them) at the heart of his bounded being—reflecting through the Principle of Absolute Reversal into the transcendent—which he later acknowledges and analogizes as he approaches the immanent limits of his own experiential form and boundary: his sub-mnemonic interface.   A finite unity cannot experience the absolute scope of the infinite because experience itself is relational and relative.  Or, put another way, one must experience the absolute through the relative; one must experience the infinite through the finite, which results in the boundlessness of the indefinite, or in the nondual resting in the infinite and finite as one.

608  As we have seen, it was this imperfect replication itself—this mutability—which was the initial creative, learning and intelligent function of the code.  A perfect linguistic replication can never make mistakes and can never learn.  It can never create or solve problems, but can merely recapitulate itself to eternity.  In this “negative gradient”—from a sterile, immutable Eden into the fecund Earth of continual creation—evolutionary intelligence has “fallen.”   But critically, for our purposes DNA is a causative mnemonics; a living, breathing, replicating language of memory.  This “imperfect” memory allowed the first level of geologically slow creativity and intelligence to emerge.  Sexual reproduction and selection, on the other hand, can’t so easily be seen as merely a failed causative and replicative language, but rather a successful collaboration between two organisms to bring about a new one.  But not only that.  It is a collaboration and a communication between organisms and their code.  An intelligent cultivating third, interfacing between two of its own intelligences, injecting their combined intelligence back into the evolutionary stream of creation which engendered their communicative dance in the first place.

610  Strangely, but as we may by now expect, the new direction in cellular biology directly supports an Interface Philosophy or Epistemology of emergent intelligence, creativity and knowledge.  Cellular biology is indeed moving away from the idea that the cellular nucleus is the driving intelligence or “brain” of the cell, and toward the notion that the intelligence is actually found in the outer cellular membrane itself; the interface where primitive sensation and its encoded reactions (rudimentary genetic-mnemonic primitives) takes place.

616  And so we can see in the very rudiments of cellular evolution the interfacing between “behaviorism” and the “subjectivity” which the extreme versions absolutely ruled out.  Without sensation—which emerges at the higher levels into the more complex forms of representation—there can be no intelligence to effect and inform complex behavior.  And indeed, without the possibility and actuality of early reflex forms of behavior coupled to sensation, there would be no reason and feedback mechanism for sensation to evolve.  As might be quickly intuited, this is a corollary to our symbiogenesis of subject and object.

620  The concept of time, for example, seems fundamentally inherent in human consciousness, but in its embryogenesis there is no point at which we can de-couple the concept of time from the perception of duration, and even deeper into the experience of evolutionary intelligence with the forms of duration.

SpinbitZ Week 5 – Interface Mathematics Part 3 – Tuning and Triuning the Paradox 433-482, and Spinoza’s Attribute Polarity – 485-541

477   Thus the naked paradox dissolves, as every child knows it must.  Zeno’s immovable plurality of instants is merely a con-fused abstraction.  An unreachable aspect of immanence abstracted from Parmenides’ own Being now.  Parmenides and the child have won—and thanks to the countless man-hours of the myriad regiments of mathematicians, scientists, philosophers and artists, inspired by Zeno himself into working out the details of this con-fusion—tuning and triuning the Zenonian interface itself—we can now say exactly why.

482   …the paradoxes themselves put a pressure on reason to work themselves out into nondual recognitions of the fundamental polarity of conceptualization itself.  With Galileo’s paradox, for example, we saw that the polarity of infinity and number worked itself out through the Cantorian transfinite orders and arithmetic of the infinite, and into the nondual-rational Triune Infinite.  And through Zeno’s paradoxes the mathematics of the continuum worked itself into its own ordering of the immanent infinities or singularities of the irrational and transcendental numbers, and now into philosophical understanding with the triune interface between the two fundamental VL- axes of conceptual thought itself.

486  …we delve into the traditional details of philosophy itself, instead of the areas “outside”, or in the external direction away from philosophy (such as mathematics) into which philosophy often strays—offering its integrating perspective by weaving a tapestry of concepts.  The problems we will encounter—with our nondual-rational integrating perspective and meta-philosophy now intact—are the common ones which, solved long ago in essence (by the nondual philosophies in general, for example), seem to persist in philosophy classes, their dualisms grotesquely exaggerated and caricatured so as to offer eternal resistance and practice for the budding philosophy student—and perhaps to keep the professors and philosophy itself employed in the modern academy.  These problems include—the “mind-body problem”; the problem of free-will and determinism; the nature of knowledge (i.e. epistemology); as well as the problem of nondually integrating and inter-relating the philosophies of Spinoza and Leibniz, the two main nondual rationalists.

493-494    In an attempt to reach what Deleuze would call the “plane of consistency” in Spinoza’s thought, we must give Spinoza the benefit of the doubt and assume that he included both the ontic and epistemic (or “Subjectivist” and “Objectivist”) aspects in the definition of the attributes for the purpose of conceptual utilization and clarification, rather than accidentally or for the purpose of confusion.  Therefore, if we can find a way to make sense of Spinoza’s text as it is, that is to be preferred, even if it requires much conceptual infrastructure or meta-perspective to see it explicitly.  The remainder of this discussion, therefore, will be focused on the ways in which we can understand, both visually and viscerally (intuitively), how the intellect, and indeed all modes at all levels of emergence, must be formed in such a way as to perceive the essence of Substance through these two ways, aspects or attributes.

495 – 496  …this nominal problem is due to the hidden nature of these dual polarities and the subsequent modern tendency (“flat- land materialism”) to collapse the objective into the ontic as foundational and to raise the subjective to the secondary, and at best emergent epistemic.  The other modern tendency (“idealism”) is to react and counteract this object-reductionism with its opposite replacement in a flat-land subject- reductionism.  This gives us the opposing equations, object = ontic vs. subject = ontic, which gives us the relational nuclei of the twin poles of this exegetic rift.   The nondual-rational  solution to this problem of foundational imbalance and tacit-dualismii* will be facilitated, naturally, through use of the VCSiii* and the Univocity Frameworkiv* as a conceptual reference system for understanding and explicitly maintaining the crucial distinction at the crossroads between these con-fused orthogonal polarities—ontic/epistemic and subject/object, as well as the univocal absolute/relative—and for keeping these polarities from collapsing upon themselves, and/or into each other.

498   In Spinoza’s time in general, and in his writings, however, the term ‘objective’ referred to the observations of external reality rather than to that reality itself.  Therefore, ‘objectivity’ referred to our knowledge of the external world and ‘subjectivity’ referred to our knowledge of the internal world.  …With the Newtonian scientific revolution of the 17th century, however, and the wild success and ascendancy of pragmatic mathematics, physical principles and Laws of physics—at the expense of causal or ontological speculation and explanation, and its roots in scholastic terminology—the meaning of ‘objective’ slowly became synonymous with the ontic, and came to refer to the reality itself whose Laws we felt we were uncovering, e.g. Galileo’s book of Nature written in the language of mathematics

499  The new question at the core of the problematic exegetic division then becomes; Are the dual attributes essential to the nature of Beingiii (ontic) or are they aspects of a bifurcation in perception/conception (epistemic) and secondarily imposed on sub-representational reality (the ontic)?

500-501   In concurrence with Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem and with philosophical “Fallibilism,” the mind-body problem now merely demonstrates the limits (or fallibility) of all representational systems— whether subjective, objective, mathematical, linguistic, aural or visual.  No system of explanation and no method of observation can ever be absolutely complete and infallible because all representational and explanatory systems are based in the epistemic realm as emergent finite abstractions and observations.  In Spinoza’s system, however, the immanent causation of Substance is infinite in extent and resolution (i.e. continuous—via our Principle of Nondual Rationalism, infinite division equals indivisibility) and thus cannot be encapsulated by an abstract and finite representation. In this way, it is only natural that objective accounts can never absolutely explain the subjective experience (and vice versa), and indeed the need for them to do so becomes revealed as a simple categorical error between the objective and subjective modes of knowing.

509-510   …the perceived ambiguity in Spinoza’s definition of an attribute— which appears to suggest both “subjective” and “objective” interpretations simultaneously—is rendered coherent when their dual ontic/epistemic nature is exposed as a necessary formative nucleated polarity inherent in the very nature of active Substance as it is modified (evolved) along a morphological gradient into an increasingly complex series of ever more cognitive/representational modes (brains/minds).  And simultaneously, the false dichotomy of the exegetic rift between the Subjectivists and the Objectivists is rendered visible and defunct when the epistemic and ontic understanding of an attribute is at once made clear.  Without this symbiotic inside/outside distinction, modes simply cannot self-stabilize, exist and be perceived or conceived.  And a modification with an inside and an outside is always extended and thus capable of interrelation with other modes in the field of extension.   …Despite the duality inherent in the formative protocols of nucleation, Substance itself always remains univocal and continuous (though not homogenous) and this continuity (infinite division equals indivisibility) is in fact key to its formative protocols and the emergent interface separating, uniting and enabling the nuclear differentiation in the first place.  …Materialists (or “Subjectivists” in our outmoded Spinozistic nomenclature), though they sometimes find a deep resonance with Spinoza, nevertheless often have difficulty with the idea that Spinoza’s attribute of thought pertains to the ontic level (erroneously assigned to the Objectivist camp in the objective-ontic shift) and thus to all modes, whether or not they possess a brain and thus a perceiving intellect.  To them this seems to mean that objects such as trees and rocks are sitting around thinking, like we do.  However, at about this point Spinoza says, “The propositions we have advanced hitherto have been entirely general, applying not more to men than to other individual things, all of which, though in different degrees, are animated [animata].”  This “anima” is the immanent active causation within all things (corresponding to the existential idea that existence, an active property, precedes individual essenceii, and as Spinoza says in his Short Treatise on God, Man and His Well-Being, “since substance is [the cause] and the origin of all its modes, it may with far greater right be called acting than passive.”

511-512  In other words, the human mind (the “idea of the body” or the idea that the body has), as epistemic and representational, emerges from the body itself as ontic, but both stratified ontic and epistemic aspects of attribute-neutral modality of the body are subject to the vertical bisection of the twin attributes, Thought and Extension, since holonic nucleation, and the polarity of the within and without, occurs at all levels of the body, ontic and epistemic (recall Figure 65, p505).  …The dual (within/without) aspect necessarily inherent in the formative and descriptive (ontic and epistemic) essence of all modification quite simply accounts for the exact “order and connection” that both the “modes of thought” and the “modes of extension” adhere to (see Figure 67, below).  “The order and connection of ideas is the same as the order and connection of things” and simultaneously it explains why the two attributes must function in parallel isolation from one another; this is because as a localization you can’t simultaneously be outside the mode, viewing it under the aspect of Extension, and inside the mode as the intrinsic experience itself.  Or more simply put, you can’t be both outside and inside yourself at the same time.  However, Spinoza also says, “thinking substance and extended substance are one and the same substance, comprehended now under this attribute, now under that. So, too, a mode of extension and the idea of that mode [[a “mode of thought”]] are one and the same thing, expressed in two ways. The “idea” of the mode, as a modification of the attribute of Thought, is this intrinsic existence or the experience of being the mode itself.

514-515 The mistaken reading of the attributes is the assumption that objectivity and subjectivity—the twin aspects of cognition, representation and the epistemic—are both subsumed under the attribute of Thought.  The attribute of Thought, it must be clear, is not the common notion ‘thought.’  Objectivity is the epistemic level of the attribute of Extension and subjectivity is the epistemic level of the attribute of Thought.  The “crossroads” of the two polarities—the attributes and the ontic/epistemic—arises at the emergent monadic interface of every cognitive/representational holon or mode, but the distinction must be kept from collapsing into a con-fusion between the omni- and uni-axes of the ontic-epistemic and the subject-object polarities, respectively.  …This individual interface is the reductive goal of the Cartesian “cogito”; “I think therefore I am.”  But the attempted reduction of relative knowledge to the absolute scope takes us not into the certainty of any of the truths of form outside the self, but to an absolute certainty of only oneself—the solipsistic self-absolute because the only thing the self can know absolutely is the representational interface itself.  All else is projection.   Through the principle of absolute reversal, however, of taking the self- boundary to the absolute, it dissolves its other and fades into the omni-non of nihilipsism (self-annihilation).  If there is no other, there is no self—just as in the omni-local if there is no distinction between one location and all others, there is no location referenced at all.  Ultimately we come to the annihilation of the self-distinction and boundary itself with the elimination of polarity.  This is the “cogito of the dissolved self,” roughly.

526   We have seen that both the descriptive protocols—subjectivity and objectivity—emerge from the morphological gradient of emergent “excellence” (with its polarity of formative protocols) into the representational realm of the epistemic.  Thus both subjectivity and objectivity are finite (or indefinite) systems of relative knowledge about the relative and infinitely complex, intrinsic or extrinsic world of form, respectively.   …In terms of Spinoza’s Triune Infinite, taken as an “organizing principle” behind the Ethics, the attributes are the aspects of The Infinite (Substance), as seen from within or from without any particular modification.  This morphological and polar explanation, then, gives a concrete reason why Spinoza only gave us two of the infinite, or unlimited attributes of God—a problem which has vexed Spinozists from the beginning. …With the concept of “the nucleation of observability” it has been pointed out that all systems of knowledge emerge at the sensory/representational (mnemonic) interface of a cognitive mode, and this emergence is always transcendent to a deeper level of immanence, on the I/T omni- or uni-axis.  We have also seen this as the simple meaning of Deleuze’s “transcendental empiricism” in that perception/conception always begins from a plane of immanence that is already necessarily transcendent or emergent from deeper immanence.  Such an immanent plane, we have also seen, is necessarily, at the same time, a transitive-plane.  Empiricism, therefore, being derived ultimately from emergent/collective perception, is necessarily inherently emergent or transcendental, conceived as a transitive plane on the immanent-transcendent omni-axis, for the collective of empirical data, and a spherical interface on the uni-axis, for the empirical surface of the individual.

528   According to this nondual-rational point of view, then, both the materialists and the idealists (or the Subjectivists and Objectivists) make a common mistake.  They each fail to understand the proper role of the subjective and the objective as fundamental descriptive protocols in the epistemic and relative realm of inherently limited and fallible representational abstraction.  They therefore each take one epistemic protocol or the other and erroneously project it down to the ontic level, toward the foundational absolute scope, in exclusion of the other. This unbalanced view is akin to claiming that outsides can exist without (or prior to) insides or vice versa and that the entire universe is ultimately composed only of either the outsides or the insides of things.

529-530   Both of these views, we can see, ultimately (when taken to their extremes) collapse into the “cogito of the dissolved self,” the solipsistic reduction to the ontic-epistemic boundary of individual experience and the  absolute reversal from this solipsism to the identical opposite omni-non of nihilipsism, when the absolute self dissolves and digests its defining other.

532  In the complexification through evolutionary intelligence of this symbiotic subject/object interface into the more abstract representational forms of awareness and consciousness, more and more layers of abstraction are added to the pre-existing massive parallelism of the subconscious and preconscious homeostatic organism.  Each new layer of abstraction, while more complex than the last, generally serves to consolidate and reflexively integrate the previous, more ‘primitive,’ layer until finally reaching the level of ‘excellence’ of the human being with its cerebral cortex and unitary experience or “stream” of consciousness.   …The human organism has thus emerged, ultimately, at the level of abstraction of the linearity of language and the highly focused ‘inner voice of consciousness’ or ‘the stream of thought.’i  This emergent linguistic linearity enables functionality in the form of complex strings of internal meaning and external communication (both of which, in the same process at this higher level, are also symbiogenetic).  Through a similar symbiogenetic feedback process, external communication and internal abstract conceptualization enables a further degree of rigor and linear complexification in the thoughts themselves (mnemonic complexes) due to the internal and external structure of the language in which the thoughts are functionally ‘encapsulated’ and reflexively conjured.

SpinbitZ Vol I, Interface Philosophy, Mathematics and Nondual Rational Empiricism 260 – 296 PART II: Interface Mathematics

261 -262  From this pre-differentiated multiple aspect in the ALL we begin the embryogenesis of operation and number.  But only through a “breaking of symmetry”—from the absolute scope of Infinite Unity, through its aspect in absolute multiplicity, and ultimately into the relative scope of finite unity— can mathematics proper even begin.  And it must begin at square ‘one’; literally with the finite unity of the primitive number ‘1,’ which itself is an enfolded implicit infinity, a “bounded infinite” and primitive infinite number as pure-relational counterpart to Spinoza’s “simplest body” which we’ll explore in great depth later.  In the real-world as empirical correlate, this manifestation of our primitive finite unity takes place as the emergence of whatever modification is the bounded object, and set thereof, of the first primitive mathematical operation of counting.  Such manifestation always takes place in a sub-representational arena, beneath and before the representation of mathematics itself, and so in the embryogenesis of the concept of Interface Mathematics as well.  The common tendency to take the immanent pole of this uni-axis—our familiar “zero-dimensional,” “infinitely small” “mathematical point”—as our finite unity and first number must be resisted, because unlike our first “natural” numbers, this point is unbounded, an implicit singularity, and hence an infinite logical-Emptiness, not a finite, form.  It is actually not a unity at all, but an implicit singularity; a single pole of an unbounded polarity, and ultimately merely an immanent positional aspect of Infinite Unity.

266 – 267  Spinoza makes an important clarification to the polarity of the finite and The Infinite, but he places his emphasis between the Infinite and the imagination (i.e. representation), which he sees necessarily as finite, given its modal nature and what we are calling its relative scope in the world of form.ii  This difference, he says in his famous Letter XII on the Infinite, is crucial to untangling the confusions surrounding the infinite (as we will very soon see).  The Infinite is “that, which can be understood but not imagined” and the finite is “that which can [be understood and] also be imagined.”  This is the primary scope distinction between absolute and relative—the fundamental polarity of the Univocity Framework—rendered in terms of the multiple or quantitative aspects of the imagination, and the limitations of the forces of representation.

268  An understanding of infinity is therefore always necessarily a conceptual abstraction based on the mnemonic foundations at the interface of perception/conception, just as every modification is an abstraction from the infinite itself.  But without the imagination and its foundational perceptions to aid in the process of transcending itself, there is no understanding of the finite or the infinite.

269  The finite unity (boundedness or finity) gives rise to duality and only the Infinite Unity (boundless ALL and absolute scope) can be truly ONE and non-dual because it contains and exfoliates all polarity.

278 -279  All representations of The Infinite are necessarily aspect infinities—even the first-phase aspect infinity, the I/T omni-axis—as they draw their infinite nature as representational aspects from The Infinite.  Other aspects include what we could call the second-phase aspects, e.g. the transitive number-line when counting by ones, twos, fours, eights, or recursively self-multiplying into perfect-squares, dividing into the immanent continuity of the rationals, etc.  The abstracted aspects of The Infinite, in these cases would be “square-ness,” “even-ness,” “point-ness,” “line-ness,” “plane-ness,” or “volume-ness” (extension), etc.   Imagine instead of drawing an infinite line (a clear impossibility) that the infinite line is simply abstracted into representational reality, bit by bit, from The Infinite, omni-dimensional continuity which initially contains the possibility of all lines.  The linear aspect of The Infinite appears from the continuity because we put emphasis on it, and it disappears when we let it go.  Once manifest, we can then assign to its intrinsic nondual or trans- rational continuity an arbitrary set of numbers based on whatever set- generating algorithm and relative to whatever transitive scale we choose (e.g. the mathematical ratio generating the set of the Rationals with their Dedekind cuts and intrinsic limits).  …The sense here is that these mental forms of set-generators, omni-/uni- directionality, “linearity,” “planarity” and n-dimensionality are abstracted as singular or grouped directional/positional (relational) aspects from the concept or reality of the Absolute Infinite, but furthermore, the omni-axis enfolds and unfolds the uni- and directional- axes, and hence is a more primitive order in the embryogenesis of the concept of mathematical, ontological and epistemological infinity.

280 -281  In an infinite set, cardinality has a critically different meaning than in a finite set.  It does not denote the number of elements, because an infinite set has no definite, final or actual numberiv of elements.  It denotes, rather, a relation between generative “powers” of set-generation algorithms, as comparable through the one-to-one correspondence seen with the Galilean paradox and vindicated through (the controversial) Hume’s Principle.i  In this simple way we can compare the degrees to which these set-aspects abstract similar or different “powers” of infinity (our quantitative aspect of the absolute scope) from The Infinite, unbounded Emptiness, Cantor’s Absolute Infinite or Spinoza’s God/Substance with infinite attributes.

282   The modal infinite is the order of the fractal, complexity theory and nonlinear and/or recursive functions, and it is also the home of our familiar oxymoron, “finite but unbounded,” and our primitive (finite) number as an enfolded or encapsulated infinite number, in an identity of opposites.  Due to the symmetrical circularity (inverse tautology) of the phrase “finite but unbounded” it easily could be stated in the reverse, “infinite but bounded” because what it really means (given our necessary remapping of finite and infinite to bounded and boundless respectively) is “infinite yet finite” or “bounded yet unbounded.”  The problem here is that the scientists are not aware of the two aspects of directionality pre-fused and conflated (con-fused) in the one Infinity.  They thus quite easily and unknowingly mix them together.

295 – 296  As the levels move down the triune hierarchy, from the absolute through the relative scope aspects, they get progressively more and more relative (as aspects) and finite (bounded), since this triunity represents the cultivated third, or the interface, between the infinite and the finite.  This also corresponds to the move from the trans-trans-bias in the unrecognition of the rational zero (undefined zero in the denominator) to the recognition, in the 17th century rationalists, of immanence in the bounded infinite.   …Though it contains an infinity within itself (and without itself), this bounded infinite with its implicit singularity can act (and must act) as a finite transitive root-unit and interact relative to other units.  This nucleation is indeed how the transitive axes exfoliate (emerge) from the immanence and transcendence of the absolute, though we can clearly see here the

necessary cyclical nature of this non-dual and non-foundational framework rooted in the rootlessness and implicit singularity represented by the uncountable I/T axis.i*  The Cycle of the Infinite is the move from a priori  I/T omni-non-local/-directional boundlessness, to the uni-axis, its implicit singularity and finite unit-interface, and through the holarchical unfolding of number and operation back to function on the I/T axis, making explicit its implicit roots in immanence and transcendence.  We’ll see this in another form in The Binary Cycle of Identities, Axes and Unities (p383).  As we will see, this bounded infinite is the abstract vision-logic description of the Leibnizian “monad” and the Spinozan “simplest body,”i the joint metaphysical and meta-mathematical union of the absolute and the relative; the infinite and the finite.  It is also the previously unacknowledged beginning place of mathematics itself, as it codifies the origin of the number 1 as an implicit infinite number, enfolded into the primitive natural numbers, whose implicit infinity will not be broken open until the Rational numbers and fully with the immanent infinities of the “irrational”  numbers.

SpinbitZ Vol I, Interface Philosophy, Mathematics and Nondual Rational Empiricism 203 -259 PART II: Interface Mathematics

203  Despite the wild success of mathematics in its pragmatic roles in science and technology, mankind has long been plagued with paradox and confusion when it comes to infinity and number and the relation of mathematics to physical and mental reality.   …confusions (and indeed con-fusionsii*) hide behind seemingly innocuous common phrases such as “infinitely small,” or “infinitely many,” as well as more formal and rigorous philosophical/mathematical problems such as the paradoxes of the infinite; the philosophical and commonsense problems with the limit and the infinitesimal of the calculus; and the controversy and confusion surrounding Cantor’s notion of the transfinite in modern set theory.  The bulk of these problems, it will be shown, arise ultimately from misunderstandings and con-fusions about the fundamentally polar, nondual and univocal relationship between infinity and number (the finite)—which, as we have seen and will see in much greater detail below, are the quantitative aspects of the absolute and relative scopes, respectively.

204  This current mode of under-developed mathematical understanding (meta-mathematics) is characterized by an extreme level of abstraction, i.e. a paucity of percept in its abstract concepts.  This is due to the academically- common disabling separation of concept from percept—the causal, visual, and hence visceral, connection to the imagination and intuition, and our evolved cognitive interface with reality.We will find that the utilization and expansion of our Vision-Logic Coordinate System (VCS) and Univocity Framework, … readily resolves these paradoxes and confusions.  It grounds the mind in an experiential model for deeper understanding.  This deeper understanding then provides for a powerful resonance between mathematics and nondual-rational, or trans-rational, philosophy…

207  Reality can at once be both mathematical and other than (or beyond) mathematics as the art and science of relation.  It is real relation itself, in this interface of mathematics with reality, that endows mathematics with its power of modeling relation.  This is, in effect, a power of self- similarity between reality and its real echoes into its representational interfaces, and the same self-similarity is at work in the interface between knowledge itself (episteme) and reality (the ontic) interpenetrating and harmonizing throughout Nondual Rationalism, as a whole.

209  Everything we experience in the relative world of form is bounded, in some sense, and made of deeper collections.  These “implicit sets” are, in essence, boundaries around deeper collections, themselves boundaries around still-deeper collections—potentially, logically, and very possibly, ad infinitum.  It is only when the self-identity of abstract categories comes into play that these natural faculties have no ground or traction in difference and begin to slip, leading to paradox.

212  A set is the relative, bounded aspect of the univocal polarity.  The universal set breaks from the container aspect of the holonic set, which in turn is needed to sustain the notion of the empty-set in its tacit breaking from the explicit definition of the set as a collection.  They each break in the opposite direction from relative-scope, holonic percept-concept of the bounded-collection—the whole made of parts, of the implicit holonic set theory—to the absolute scope of the formless and unbounded.

213  The paradoxes of logic and mathematics arise only when we “violate” the Univocity Framework—breaking from the relative scope, unwittingly mono-polizing the unbounded absolute with the relative concepts of sets, and deviating through abstraction from the natural holonic set-logic with its inherently delineated, perceived and conceived holarchical levels (immanent/transcendent relations) of bounded-collections.  …Indeed, as the study of mereology has found, the move from naïve classical set theory to modern axiomatic and “Zermelo-Fraenkel” set theory is essentially a move to reinstall—in abstract, explicit mechanisms—the logic needed to keep track of the levels of sets and to restrict these violations of the sensorial holonic logic already implicit, yet buried under abstraction, in the stratified human mind.

214  The goal throughout the rest of this unfolding of Interface Mathematics is not to replace modern axiomatic set theory, in any of its variations, but merely to inform it with an implicit, intuitive percept-logic of sets; to reconnect the concepts back with the percepts from which they were abstracted into far more general and hence useful symbolic mechanisms.  The end result will be to know the place from which we started more thoroughly, having re-examined and reconnected our roots in perception.

216  We will come to see “infinite sets” more clearly as “set aspects,” or “aspect infinities,” rather than bounded-collections with definitive numbers of elements, magnitudes or “cardinalities.” This new way of looking at things will illuminate and resolve the truth behind this paradox in accord with Galileo’s own reasoning that aspects of the finite, such as relative magnitudes, do not really and fully apply to The Infinite.

217  An infinite set, therefore, reaches into the absolute scope, drawing out the quantitative aspect of the absolute in the unbounded and infinite.  It therefore possesses the quality of the absolute scope in its ultimate inability to relate, one with another.  In other words, an infinite set is not a relative set, but a “finitized” and relativized aspect of the absolute scope.  This is why two infinite sets, such as the squares and wholes—as Galileo intuited and Cantor effectively confirmed, as we will see—cannot properly be compared as to their “number of elements,” and indeed, they actually have no number of elements, but simply the numberless quantitative aspect of the infinite.  Infinite sets can relate one with another, and to finite sets only univocally, as multiple aspects or voices of the one absolute; The Infinite.

226  In the shock and integrating interface between the pre-modern opposite and the post-modern identity, then, we will see emerging again—but as a cultivated third and triune interface—the ancient nondual identity of opposites of the finite and infinite.  It is this identity of opposites that finds its germination in the lost truths of modernity, namely in esoteric rationalism as we find it in Spinoza’s Triune Infinite, also reflected and refracted through Leibniz’s reactionary monadology.  And in this integration will likewise continue to unfold this “wedding of concept and singularity.”  We have already seen it with the immanent/transcendent omni- and uni-axes, and we’ll soon see it more explicitly in the concept of Spinoza’s Triune Infinite and, perhaps at its climax, in the Interface resolution to Zeno’s paradoxes.

235  So now we can systematically say that the countably infinite set of Natural numbers is numerically identical to its subsets, i.e. “self-nesting,” and we can give them all a single number or cardinality, and use that number to perform a kind of arithmetic between them.  And through this transfinite arithmetic, recursively unfolding above us we can “see” an infinite “paradise” of ever larger and larger infinities.  Indeed, not only can we see this (mathematically speaking), but we can wander through it and perhaps use it for practical purposes.

241  Nonduality can be understood in many ways, as we have seen, but the Univocity Framework—the fundamental polarity of scope and its quantitative aspects in the infinite and finite—provide a unique logical and rational clarity on the subject.  From The Lotus Sutra we find, “The concept, often described in English as ‘nondualism,’ is extremely hard for the mind to grasp or visualize, since the mind engages constantly in the making of distinctions and nondualism represents the rejection or transcendence of all distinctions.”(Watson) And from Bede Griffiths (1997) we find, “Advaita (nonduality) does not mean ‘one’ in the sense of eliminating all differences. The differences are present in the one in a mysterious way. They are not separated anymore, and yet they are there.”

242 – 243 Vision-logic equations (VLE) use the symbols and operators of mathematics to simplify and succinctly display the relations involved at the vision-logic level of Interface Mathematics.  They have slightly different rules, which will be explained as they come up, and are used in a much looser fashion than mathematical equations.  They are used more as quick, symbolic/visual metaphors, or maps, illustrating relations, rather than quantitative derivations.  This is largely because of their extensive use of absolute and inquantate infinity,i and its inability to really partake in quantitative operations—operating, as the VLE often do, between the relative and absolute scopes.

246  As we have seen with the Hilbert and Galilean paradoxes, Infinite Unity, or Infinity (as opposed to the common notion of infinity used, say, in the term “infinite set,” which is merely an aspect of The Infinite), when operated upon—divided, multiplied, added to, subtracted from, counted by odds, evens or perfect squares into its multiple quantitative set-aspects—always returns infinity.  This is the nature of the absolute scope that, even when conceived in its multiple aspect of the ALL, it cannot properly be operated upon without leading to paradox or tautologyi*, such as “self-nesting” and the ONE-is-ALL, respectively.  And this is the core principle reconciling the paradoxes of the infinite—an abstract generality which we will flesh out in much more detail.  We can see this principle as another resonating chord in our Ariadne’s Cable, from our first chord, the Principle of Nondual Rationalism; infinite division equals indivisibility.

252  In the Univocity Framework, both the immanent and transcendent poles (along with any other infinity) are aspects of the boundless absolute, The Infinite, or Nagarjunan Emptiness.  Number, on the other hand, conceived as various functions of boundary, is necessarily dealing within the world of form, the relative scope, not pointing outside itself to the absolute.  To be clear, there is indeed Emptiness or infinity within all numbers, forms and boundaries, and this Emptiness and infinity is the source of number and form itself, but this Emptiness or infinity is never ultimately reached or encapsulated in the symbol-system itself.  It is always critically sub-representational, as Deleuze would say.  It is this separation of the absolute and relative scopes that ensures the functionality of the Univocity Framework, and the various forms of the univocal concept of dependent arising.

254  In Interface Mathematics, once that boundary is drawn (or perceived) a number can be introduced into consciousness, or the imagination, to represent, keep track of, and make use of, the bounded object.  Numbers (again as magnitudes) cannot come into being, either causally or experientially, and have no function without at least tacitly representing, or being capable of representing, some real, physically-conceived limit—be it known or unknown.

SpinbitZ Vol I, Interface Philosophy, Mathematics and Nondual Rational Empiricism pgs 5-203

24  This is indeed the deeper creative and evolutionary function of philosophy, because—as Buckminster Fuller would argue—in a world of increasing specialization, if no-one specializes in comprehensive generalization, then who is looking at the big picture?

28  Interface Philosophy is a study of concepts through the use of percepts—or more precisely, a study of the conceptual roots, relations and patterns of concepts where they merge with percepts into vision-logic interfaces.  This then, is an exploration of the perceptual embryogenesis of the concept, and thus an examination of the empirical roots of Rationality itself.  …Polarity, as well,  is key to bothpercept and concept, and all senses are based on the polarity of contrast.  And indeed, polarity will be seen as the opposable thumb of the conceptual mind—fundamentally indispensable as the most primitive and powerful form of conceptual relation.  Certainly as well, polarity lies at the very heart of a conceptual understanding of nonduality.   …This is therefore largely a work about interfacing infinity—boundingthe boundless and unbinding the bounded.  It is also about “pulverizing” and rebuilding the categories surrounding the infinite.  Indeed,the infinite will no longer be seen as a “disastrous regress,” but as a boundless source of emergence; a fullness to Emptiness, and a“positive infinity,” what Deleuze calls “the secret of Grand Rationalism.”   And hence in order to truly transcend-and-include the rational into the “trans-rational,” one must first interface rationally and conceptually—and indeed perceptually and thus empirically—with the nature of the infinite.  One thus moves beyond the common confusions and paradoxes of the infinite, by transcending the common pre-rational set of concepts which generate them.

32  From this Deleuzian plane of consistency the esoteric project of Rationalism becomes vibrant and healthy; ready to explode in long forsaken directions, into a completely new toolset of concepts and perspectives.

37  Deleuze, like Nagarjuna, before him, implores us to think “acategorically,” to “pulverize the categories” inherited through a past hermeneutic—the forces of representation—driven by the distorting effects and purposes of power.

46  Thus if a metaphysical system uses logical relation and causality then that system is verifiable by the means of logic and causality which are themselves a priori categories of experience.  And, as we will see, these categories themselves are derived through a deep coupling with experience prior to the human modes of experience to which Kant had set his anthropocentric, chicken-and-egg limits.  This logical or relational verifiability is in the same way that a mathematical proof cannot be verified by empirical means but only by means interior to its logical relations.  Indeed, the notion of infinity itself is purely logical and thus entirely amenable to the  understanding, and this understanding underlies all of Kant’s supposed antinomies.  Infinity is simply boundless, in any of its forms.  It is only the limited imagination that cannot fit the unlimited infinite into its domain.  But the forms and details of logic are not bound by the perspectival restrictions of the imagination any more than is a mountain restrained in size by the horizon.  And thus a metaphysical system is open to demonstrations and relations of the infinite so long as it unfolds its relations in a consistent and coherent manner.  But then it can only “prove” its conclusions in the realm in which it is limited, namely logic and relation, as opposed to empiricism and objectivity insofar as our inter-objective experience with mathematics and logic is neglected.

50 – 51  Thus, post-metaphysics is not ultimately a feature of the metaphysical system itself, but a cognitive or conceptual aperspectival stance which imposes an acategorical imperative—a meta-metaphysical and meta- categorical framework—in which the absolute truth claims of any metaphysics are suspended in the relative world of justification, partly through the rational truth that all truth claims may be subject, endlessly, to further analysis.  Indeed, this unbounded stance of analysis is at the very core of the synthesis of Nondual Rationalism, as we will see.  It is a resonant thread to the positive infinity and secret of Rationalism.  And, as we will see, the Vision-Logic Coordinate System and the Univocity Framework, form a meta-metaphysical framework within which metaphysics can find no foundational ground with which to dogmatize and ism-ize itself.

73  In order to integrate all aspects of rationalism (e.g. philosophical and mathematical) this infinity, boundlessness or Emptiness within number must correlate with the infinity opened up in the mathematical ratio, which is the core of the mathematical definition of the Rational numbers and of mathematical rationalism.  But more pointedly, it must explain the meaning of (or define) the “undefined” ratio with zero in the denominator, such as 1/0.  Indeed, a key question which we will answer in much more detail later is, “What is this limit on definability for the rational numbers?”  Or, “Why, exactly, does placing a zero in the denominator produce these ‘undefined’ results?” And,  “Is a limit on definability not in essence a limit on limits themselves, and hence merely the unlimited and Infinite once the double-negative has cancelled out?”

77  Numbers began their evolution at one and transcended or ascended into higher and higher values.  Counting was their purpose, their “fitness function,” and reason for coming to be.  The Rational numbers came later, transcending-and-including the integers, as a function of the relation between two of them, but fundamentally operating on a new “axis;” immanence vs. transcendence.   The ascending- transcending bias is therefore a natural and pervasive feature of the number-system in general, as the number-system is indeed a transcending-and-including holarchy [a hierarchy of holons, or wholes that are always parts of higher level wholes, and so on] of functions built on other functions, ultimately built on numerical identities serving the very human function of labeling and inventorying increasing agglomerations of real objects.  This is the transcendent-bias in stark relief.

78  Transcending and including (recognizing and accounting for) this transcendent-bias, to get to the nonduality and neutrality, the open ground of rationalism, this must be seen as a true polarity, and the qualitative differences between the values that seem so absolute through the active frame of reference of the transcendent numerator, must be seen, in a sense, as relative to the active frame of reference of the inherited interpretation.  In other words, the differences in quality between immanent and transcendent positions are a function of the active frame of reference and order of operations of division.  The numerator’s frame of reference is active as the determinant of value, and the denominator’s is passive as the context for its meaning.

79  This transcendent-bias in operation in mathematics—and human thought in general (as we will see)—manifests in our tendency to see infinitely increasing values as normal Infinity, and infinitely decreasing values as undefined or approaching an actual limit at zero, as is the case with the errors of interpretation surrounding Zeno’s paradox and the infinitesimal of the calculus.i*  This immanent infinity, however, is the inverse pole of the infinite axis specific and unique to the rational numbers, and critical to Nondual Rationalism.  And similarly, opening up the meta-mathematical understanding of this polarity to its true relative and reciprocal nature, is the key to understanding the thread of rationalism as it winds its way through the labyrinth of history.

95 – 96 It is from this evolutionary focus on the outside—this arms race to accumulate the intelligence of directionality in the senses—that the imagination is born.  This symbiogenesis of subject and object, a process, which we will cover in much greater detail later, directly encodes the trans-bias into human conceptual thought.  This is why we find it so difficult to conceive of infinite immanence, and why we always feel a sense of cognitive vertigo when we can’t find a final resting place, or footing for the mind; an ultimate foundation, a fundamental substratum, a “ground of Being.”  The power of intelligence and therefore of transcendence granted to the agglomerative, evolved organism in sensorially mapping his exterior transitively, in lines (axes) of direction, encodes the transcendent-bias directly into the gene-pool of all organisms with sensory functions, as this is translated into the differential reproductive success that (among other intelligent properties) drives evolution forward into higher and higher levels of transcendence.  This transcendent-bias can also be seen in the phenomenon of group-mind.  We have a bias for transcending ourselves and merging into a larger whole(or holon), and we tend to spurn (at least collectively) the lone individual—exploring his own infinite differences in immanence—until, perchance, the fruits of individual difference make themselves readily apparent to, and accepted by, the group at large.  The power and bias stemming from this tendency can be startling when we come face to face with the irrationalities and atrocities that can manifest when the effect gets magnified and corrupted, such as in cults of personality.  This effect shows up as, for example, the willingness of individuals to do things for the group that deeply violate their own individual morals, such as the Nazi effect, and the public ridicule—and even violent ritual murder and dismemberment—of “unorthodox” and “heretical” geniuses.  The transcendent-bias here can be embodied and called forth readily in theimage of a herd of animals, driven by fear, back to back, fiercely facing their external enemy, encroaching on all sides.

100 – 101 The last century of ontology and epistemology, coupled with the discoveries of quantum and complexity science, has rendered moot the lingering, peculiarly medieval, fear of the infinite regress and thrown it into positive relief.  Instead of viewing the problem from the negative point of view of looking backward or inward to find an origin in space, scale or time, and fretting when these hypothetical beginnings can’t be found, the problem is turned on its head.  If there are no origins to begin with—in other words, if, contrary to our tacit predispositions, the universe is eternal and infinite (as conceived in Buddhist nondual schools of cosmology), in both depth and span,then the search for an origin is itself a false problem engendered by the false premise that such an ultimate beginning or ultimate foundation necessarily exists.  The problem of the regress itself is seen to be merely aprojection of a regressive, point of view on the infinite or the unbounded nature of reality.

103  In the context of the Principle of Nondual Rationalism, we can see the bundle views as correlating with infinite division of substance into its deeper properties, and the bundle views as the assertion that the absolute is fundamentally indivisible with respect to properties.We saw that in the case of numbers, this infinite divisibility actually gave rise to the fundamental indivisibility of the absolute, in that there can be no end to division and therefore the absolute cannot finally and ultimately be divided.  As an analogy, we can say that because there is, and can be, no final propertyless substrate, and therefore there are always deeper levels of modification leading to properties, then substance, at all levels, can have the property of further modification, or dissolution.  This means that the substance-bundle dichotomy, asshould be expected, is purely a function of the foundational bias in modern thinking, which has only begun to wind its way out from the abstractions of the ancient monasteries of nondual practices and the modern ivory towers of academic epistemology.

104   This is essentially Spinoza’s Substance, the positive infinity as the secret of rationalism, and the single “axiomless-axiom,” which renders Spinoza’s system a “foundationless-foundationalism,” in that its very foundation is foundationlessness, or Emptiness, itself, i.e.the absolute scope.

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111   In Interface Mathematics we will differentiate Unity into two different kinds, according to the difference in scope, from relative to absolute.i  These two kinds of Unity are then finite “unity” and infinite “Unity,” because finity and infinity (apeiron) are the mathematical aspects of the relative and absolute scopes, respectively.

119  Furthermore, Science, with its premature abandonment of rationalism, and indeed metaphysics, in the enlightenment, has gotten stuck in a medieval foundationalist outlook, always looking for the smallest, simplest, most “fundamental particle” (foundational solid),the absolute “building blocks” of existence.  …Nonduality, however—not to mention the ultimate quest of modernunification theories in physics—necessitates that ALL is fundamentally ONE “substance”—a unified field.  It is commonly assumed that a foundational atom-void, particle-based model is a postulation of a single substance—that stuff which makes up the a-tomoi—but this is incorrect.  The atom-void is a tacit polarity between two substances with opposing absolutized (yet minimally inter-expressive) properties; the solidity of particles and the fluidity or non-solidity of amorphous space (such as air), the uncuttable and the infinitely cuttable, and ultimately between thingness (form) and no-thingness (Emptiness).  Perhaps it is tacitly assumed that since nothingness does not exist then to postulate its existence (?) as space or the void, in addition to the fractured somethingness or substance of the atomos, is still to assume a singular substance—the atomos.  But since this nothingness (this now existing non-existence of the real void), is what defines the limits of the myriad atomic somethingnesses, then this nothingness plays a causal role in the very identity of the atoms as well as providing the causal context for the atoms, the field of interaction and inter-expression of the “laws of motion”.  The existing non-existence of the void,the Emptiness, in a sense, limits, forms and cuts the uncuttable substance of the atomos into its fractured multiple identity.

120  So we already see that Form, when taken to the absolute scope, the infinity of infinite smallness, becomes the non-form of Emptiness.  And we can see that this is a resonance of our Principle of Nondual Rationalism, that the infinite divisibility in the foundational search for the “fundamental particle,” the inverse-ultimate form, has ended in the non-particle, the non-form of the mathematical point—the implicit singularity of Emptiness.

121  By the Taoist identity of opposites and its extension into the PAR, if you place one opposite at the absolute level, you must place its opposite there as well.  Thus infinite freedom must equal infinite causation, and vice versa.  This ancient operation in the identity of opposites may indeed be the source and resolution of all our cherished paradoxes.  We will see the above as a pre-echo in the concept“Infinite determinism equals indeterminism,” yet another resonant strand in our Ariadne’s Cable of Nondual Rationalism.

123  Often, therefore, to make this aspect of the absolute-relative interface explicit, it will be invoked with the term ‘omni-non,’ as in omni-non-locality or omni-non-directionality.  We saw already how the idea of omni-locality is essentially identical with the idea of non-locality, given that a location necessitates a separation and exclusion from other locations which both the omni- and non- view negate.  In other words, locality is an implicit polarity,and when this polarity is violated in either omni- or non- directions  (affirmative or negative, respectively), we pass through the PAR and reach the identity of opposites underlying the concept as a whole.  The omni-non simply recognizes the identity between the omni and the non at the absolute scope.

127 – 128  …it would appear that vision is the most nonlinear, massively parallel and sensorially precise for the purpose of “simultracking,” and interrelating (networking) many spatiotemporal phenomena at once.  This unique quality of vision is likely the reason for its inclusion in the term “vision-logic.”  Vision-logic is, in a sense, a meta-vision; it is taking the “networking” capacity of the visual sense and transposing or transcending-and-including it at a higher (meta-conceptual) level (e.g. the level of logic) in the networking of perspectives themselves.  This is why it is also called “network logic.”  But with “vision” at the meta-level in “vision-logic,” we are not excluding, but transcending-and-including the other senses and their training (and even creative listening or interpreting) modalities in the full spectrum of the arts.  Vision at this level, in a sense, simply means “percept,” and so, accurately speaking, we might call this a “Percept-Logic Coordinate System,” though this would lose the unique network connotations that vision-logic has come to embody.  Vision-logic, therefore—with its integrated concept-percepts—becomes opposed to “blind-logic,” where “concept is divorced from percept, and thought moves among [mere] abstractions.”  Blind-logic has a limited, hollowed out, semantic foundation and so it lacks the ground or medium within which to move, so to speak.  Unable to find a ground within which to find subtle reconfigurations and variations, it is stuck in a single perspective.  It can’t, therefore, find new modes of “seeing” the whole.  Blind-logic generally lacks the ability to lift itself out of the rooted perspective of mere words, syntax; it cannot escape the “word-binding” so common to abstract, sophistic, logic (e.g. lawyer talk) which can “prove” the “truth” of even the most obvious of absurd conclusions; thought, such as this, easily becomes “spell-bound” to its surface-level machinations, as does its unwitting audience.

129  The aim of vision-logic interfaces, such as the Vision-Logic Coordinate System, is to reconnect concept and percept; to reawaken the “eyes” of modern thought which have been put to sleep by the paucity of sense in intellectual abstraction; to reinvigorate the anemic, disfigured forces of imagination in modern intellectual discourse.  This is what Buckminster calls for in his idea of a “return to modelability” in geometry, mathematics and ultimately science.

133  “Vision-logic,” a term borrowed from developmental psychology, denotes a stage in intellectual development, a “meta-vision” whereby one can transcend the limits of singular perspective and attain an understanding, simultracking, integrating many perspectives at once, i.e. “integral-aperspectival.”  It is also called “network logic,” in the sense that it can actually begin to make networks of perspectives; moving among them, forming comparisons, higher-level systems of inter-perspective translation, co-operation and conjunction, integrating and transcending.

146 The uni-axis is always centered on a single position, whose “infinitely small” Euclidean point is its unbounded immanent pole,and whose transcendent pole “reaches to” the unreachable transcendent infinity of the ONE-ALL.  The uni-axis, therefore, is always conceived through the relative aspect of position or finite locality (relative to any other) and, therefore, ultimately through the “eye” or aperture (boundary or spherical “yard-stick”) of the transitive unit i.e. the spherical coordinate making up the linear directionality of the transitive-axis.  The I/T uni-axis is the immanent and transcendent, internal and external boundless dimension of this spherical, a priori-extended unit.

155 – 156  This section operationalizes the concept of Univocity into a rigorous and intuitive framework that provides a simple conceptual “space” for open and honest ontological speculation, maintaining the necessary nondual relativity of this ontological space and its resident or emergent concepts and relative truths in polar contrast to the Truth of the absolute scope.  This operationalization of Univocity enacts and softly enforces the principle of nonduality by explicitly recognizing the fundamental Nagarjunan/Spinozan/Deleuzian polarity between the absolute and relative “scopes.”   …Univocity is explained by Deleuze as “the idea that all events are compatible; they are ‘inter-expressive’. Being has one voice but can only express differences.”  And Todd May says, “What univocity implies is not that everything is the same, or that there is a principle of the same underlying everything, but, instead, precisely the opposite. With univocity comes difference, difference for the first time taken seriously in itself.” …Univocity means that every expression of existence is different in a fundamental sense from every other.  And yet the unity aspect of the concept signifies that these differences are fundamentally causally intercompatable, or ‘inter-expressive.’  This is the identity of opposites of difference and similarity, because indeed without this inter-expression or inter-relation, differences could not interface or relate in order to really differ.  And thus, with univocity, difference (or relativity) is “taken seriously in itself” and given a framework for actualization and understanding.ii  It is this basic, or “fundamental,” framework, expanded and operationalized herein, upon which any healthy and “holistic,” or integral rationality must be built (insome form or other), and we have already seen it as the implicit essence of ancient and esoteric nondual/perennial philosophy,i such as Taoism, Advaita Vedanta Hinduism, Madhyamaka Buddhism.  It is also seen in the West in some forms and levels of Christianity, Neo-Platonism, esoteric Spinozism, and in some of the pre-Socratics, such as Heraclitus.

167  In short, a nondual and univocal monism is an infinite pluralism via the identity of opposites of the One-All or Unity-Multiplicity.  Univocity is the monism=pluralism identity of opposites in Nondual Rationalism.

175  Polarity is the essence, or defining feature of the nondual and of univocity. And univocity, we will see, is the very limit of polarity; where polarity (the core relation of the relative) self-referentially applies itself to itself to form the absolute scope in identical opposition to the relative.  This is where relative thought grounds itself in its engendering other; its identical- opposite which gives it context and meaning; the absolute.

178  Through the identity of opposites in the ontic and epistemic we can see also that ontology is epistemic and epistemology is ontic.  In other words, speculation about the nature of reality is necessarily representational, and representation is necessarily real.  Or even simpler, the map of the territory is a feature of the territory itself.

182   Because the absolute scope (e.g. the nondual or the ‘‘axis of Tao”) enfolds and unfolds all polarity, univocity is actually the positive negation, or the acceptance, affirmation and transmutation of opposition; the negation of negation in the positive infinite.  The root-polarity, the positive infinity of esoteric rationalism, is the polarity of polarity vs. non-polarity—in other words, the relative/absolute polarity, the univocity axis or the dialectic of univocity whose synthesis returns us to the positive infinity (logical Emptiness) of esoteric rationalism.  This is the root polarity because the absolute has returned home, from its journey through the world of form, the relative and sub-representational, to its engendering other in the ineffable absolute.  The concept has returned to its source through the non-concept,the sub-representational or the plane of immanence.  In this root conceptual polarity, where concept opens to its annihilating/generating antithesis/pre-thesis, the absolute unfolds and then enfolds polarity itself.

183  In Leibniz-Kant-Hegel, the univocity pendulum has swung the other way, from the medieval relativization of the absolute in ascribing anthropomorphic qualities to God, to the post-modern absolutization of the relative, in lifting the properties of the dialectic (or hermeneutics, or social construction, or whatever) to the absolute scope.  In the Univocity Framework, however, these two opposites, as all opposites, are seen necessarily as identically opposite anthropocentrisms.  They both attempt to dissolve the core of nondualism in the absolute/relative polarity through conceptual encapsulation of the absolute in the relative, or populating the absolute scope with conceptual mono-poles, but from two different sides of the same operation.  The Hegelian, post-modern, transcend-and-negate dialectic is the inverse identity of the pre-modern negative-regressive foundational infinite.  They are both functions of the transcendent-biased modes of absolutized representation (relativity) and are therefore also epistemic absolutisms.

191  The fundamental relativity—where the relative scope finally points outside itself to the absolute, forming the absolute/relative polarity of univocity and Nagarjunan nondualism—serves to balance the transcendent-and representational-bias and to deflect any unconscious attempt at absolutization by the relative (e.g. reductionism) by reminding us of its identical-opposite in the ineffable absolute.  This includes absolutization of the immanent-transcendent omni-axis itself as actually being the absolute scope, rather than merely pointing to it as an enfolded and unfolded tautological aspect or identity in the ONE-ALL.

Jason Brown, PAL, Chapter 19 – Thought and Action, 509-530

509  Most moral acts are performed without deliberation as a natural response to a situation.  These acts range from spontaneous rage or altruistic sacrifice to everyday acts of kindness, meanness or indifference that, collectively discharge the values and character of a person over time in a variety of circumstance.  In such actions, choice is not absent, but is implicitly resolved without becoming an object of awareness. The choice is ”automatic,” but with hesitation or delay it can become a conscious terminus.

510  The closer the choice to the endstage of the process, the greater the constraints on the final form, and the less possibility for the unexpected to occur.  The shift from the automatic to the volitional in speech is a microcosm of what occurs when there is hesitation in action.  When the hesitation or indecision in action is a sign of choice or conflict at a conscious or unconscious phase, as in word search, there is also a feeling of effort or agency, and prominence of the conceptual precursors of the action and of options prior to act-selection.

511  An act of heroism may be foolhardy, one of caution or cowardice may be prudent, but the act, whatever its content or assessment by the agent, or by others, is an expression of the core self or character.  …The more immediate or impulsive the response, the greater its affinity with that of other people in similar circumstances.  Rage, fear and flight, for example, are common to all of us,  Hesitation penetrates the ground of impulse by a diversity of individual thought, and the ensuing action is more expressive of the uniqueness of personality.  The result is often a partial or stepwise action that illustrates the value-distribution over time, as opposed to an immediate action, which illustrates the dominant value at the moment.  …More often, reflection cancels an action, or replaces it with ambivalence.

512  At times of uncertainty, decision is most likely to be guided by adaptation to the social  environment.  The egoism of a moral calculus tends to prevail when right conduct is clear yet self-interest prevails.  In some respects, the more deliberative the action, the more it approximates that of an informed political decision, where impulse is fractionated by the complexity of the situation and the best strategy to achieve a goal.  …An act that occurs without reflection suggest the pimacy of instinctual will or uncouscious motivation.  An act that engages conscious intention is rooted in moral logic and choice.  The contrast of spontaneity and deliberation is that of automatism and freedom.  This contrast is central to the relation of thought to action.

513  Deliberation is no guarantee of good conduct.  Spontaneous action can involve moral or immoral outcomes, deliberation can lead to ethical or unethical conduct, or obstruct a person from acting in an ethical way.

514  The value-configuration undergoes a gradual evolution with age and experience, hopefully in the direction of a lessening of egoism.  However, at any stage of life, unless the individual undergoes a personal crisis or a spiritual conversion, the equilibrium of self and other is unlikely to dramatically shift simply through learning.  The criminality of the young may dissolve into the benignity of age, but the reverse also occurs, as the idealism of the young gives way to the corruption of power and money.  It is doubtful that an immoral person, young or old, could be persuaded to abort a planned criminal act by an appeal to an other-centered value, though an egoistic one, e.g., fear of punishment, might be a deterrent.

515  We see this in both the individual and in society, when conflict leas not to an action that is energetic and forthright, but to compromise, inaction and delay, though there are occasions when inaction and/or compromise are preferable.  When a decision is distributed over many people with differing views, or when one person hold beliefs and values that are incompatible, or if one set of values does not predominate, conflict or compromise is inevitable.

517  An examination of the microstructures of choice (Brown, 1996) affirms that concepts are not conveyed, but survive into consciousness, as deliberation or indecision uncovers the covert struggle in their actualization.

518  Competing claims on (within) the individual owe to opposing values or beliefs.  In a sense, there are competing selves.  Mandelbaum (1955) has written that moral conflict within a person has the same general form as conflicting judgments between people, just as obligation takes a similar form whether it is internal or external.  …Ideas propagate as knowledge infiltrates concepts to add nuance to bias.  Latent contents are activated out of memory and novel arguments are elicited through propagation or metaphoric extension.  Knowledge has its effect by impression or imaginative fusion.  Lines of thought or patterns of memory are facilitated and brought to bear on precursor concepts.  The gradual assertion of a leading concept reinforces the action path, less by impulsion than an elimination of competing trends.  Deliberation is not anticipatory , it revives past objects obscured by a fixation on the present.  Ideally, it forges an act that is seamless and spontaneous, as the study of a musical piece leads to a flawless performance.  Spontaneity in moral conduct as an outcome of knowldge and reflection is preferred to goodness as a resuolt of moral drill.  However, the effect of knowledge is to facilitate commitment by reinforcing presuppositions, not by adding conviction.  Did Kant no say, “I must abolish knowledge to make room for belief.”

520  The value of self and other are co-temporal at their origination, and continuous in the process leading from self to object.  When two egocentric desires or values clash independent of the needs of others, the choice is non-moral.  When ego- and exo-centric values clash, the choice is moral.  Since values derive from drives, which are adaptive, the origin of every value supposes a social factor.

522  Only when a person is oblivious to his own motivations can an act be considered and end in itself.  That is perhaps why goodness seems to occur in people of great simplicity.  Only when the means to achieve an end are transient can they be said to portend goals.  When a fractious truce becomes a substitute for a lasting peace, when deliberation persist beyond the conflict that was its source, we can say the end is superseded by the means.  But, in many cases this simply implies that the original goal has been forgotten, attention has been diverted, other priorities take its place, etc.  Unless this goal is continuously in sight, the means/end relation will be uncertain.

524 – 525  A coherence of the synthetic and the analytic, the universal and the particular, occurs when the whole resonates in the parts and the parts partake of the whole.  A powerful realization of this relation has been, for many thinkers, from Aristotle to Shcopenhauer, the very definition of genius.  …Concepts are not inductions of facts, but generate facts as realization of value.  The accommodation of concept to fact is an historical process of fact-creation, the transition of conceptual valuation into objects that seem value-free.  Concept and fact are reconciled in the relation of thought to action, or deliberation to spontaneity.  We see comparable reconciliation of abstract potential to concrete possibility in the adjustment of ambition to achievement or of the desired to the attainable.  …The conceptual and the material, like the mental  and the physical are symbiotic concepts.  The one supposes the other, to which it is a response.  A fixation on facts as building blocks of concepts can suffocate an ambiguity that may be our best approximation to truth.  Assertion and refutation seem to be the sole paths to knowledge, but what sort of truth survives?  A negation, unlike a refutation, constrains; it does not reject but exposes the nugget of truth that remains after a mountain of error has been excavated.  The limits of any theory are at stake when anything is described, for a description is a piece of the theory that supports it.  For every category, there is another just beyond its contours.  Every statement plumbs the depths of the presupposition on which everything depends.  …The consequences of an action are the grounds on which we decide whether or not a person is responsible.

526  …within the domain of immediate, automatic or spontaneous action, for good or bad, there should be equal responsibility according to the psychological structure of the act regardless of its moral worth.

527  We do not attribute the same degree of volition to immoral acts as moral ones, regardless of whether they are spontaneous or deliberate.  This dissociation introduces mercy and compassion into the system of justice, but makes no sense at all from the standpoint of human psychology.  …It seems to boil down to a choice between a theory that is universal to volition or one that is individual to character.  A theory of volition, in order to be useful in attributing responsibility , would have to entail that choice is independent of character, for otherwise intention would be a sideshow to the main act of personality, with every act a sampling of some aspect of character.  If conduct is determined by character, which in turn is the outcome of one’s causal ancestry, volition would be a sort of psychic slight-of-hand en route to acts and objects.  If intention is fully based in character, conduct should be judged irrespective of whether or not it is voluntary.  The self, slave to the mistress of character, still believes it is living freely.  …If intention does uncouple from character, a person would have the power to choose the right – or veto the wrong – course of action, to some extent independent of what sort of person he is.  Then it would be fair to judge that action as a unique volition.  There is a problem with either case.  If we judge the individual according to his character, of which the volition is an expression, the volition is irrelevant.  A volition independent of character is a momentary quirk.

528 -529  Volition is ingredient as the self goes out to its subjective aim in a trajectory from unconscious potential to the definite and the real, from value to fact.  Every thought or action begins with the values, belief and personal experiences that, collectively, comprise a personality.  Character is fundamental  to who we are, what we think how we act.  Reason develops out of the ideational context created by conceptual feelings, which in turn are generated from the core personality, as an expressive, not instrumental, feature.  Values enrich those construct that incline the self to personal and social ends.  They facilitate dispositions to configure concepts and their implementation in words and acts.  It is more likely that character lays down volition than that volition influences character and, thus, that responsibility begins with character, not volition.  Even if we are not the authors of our own character but its victims or beneficiaries, the question remains whether the self freely chooses, or whether character spills through intention into behavior.  IF the latter, the objective judgement is the only judgement we can make, even if it stops where the subjective is felt to begin.  A judgement of conduct by others leaves untapped those inner states that constitute the great part of its structure.  For an object theory these states are inferred.  For microgenetic theory, the process leading to the act, not the act itself, is the primary datum.  …If volition is bound to character and free choice is illusory, which is not to say inefficacious, is there a possibility that character can be changed by an act of will?  If a person cannot choose his acts, can he decide his values?  If not, we are automatons without agency or personal responsibility, with as little reason to praise a good act as blame a harmful one.

530  Can the self assume a posture that is receptive to moral education?  The subjective criterion of responsibility would then not be restricted to whether a person acts responsibly, for this may be beyond his control, but whether he is mindful of his moral failings and open to the growth of personal values that are empathic and life enhancing.

Jason Brown – PAL – Chapter 18 – Efficacy and Illusions, 485-508

485  Choice is the fork in the road of of value that gives direction to agency and intention.  The feeling of agency is value flowing from the self into action.  Apart from whether agency is a real or illusory capacity, the feeling is central to the claim that people can choose between right and wrong independent of who they are, i.e. that choices are the inevitable outcomes of character.  Free will and choice are an escape from the impact of the immediate situation and the determinism of one’s causal ancestry.  Values and intentions arise in the core self.  Free will arises in relation to temporal structure of an action, or the duration of the present.  …The thesis of this chapter is that a deeper understanding of freedom, choice and efficacy entails a radical re-thinking of the perceptual process, no less than that of action, since the feeling of agency is largely perceptual.  It is a matter of the transparency of the choice or selection through which a content individuates.  Agency and choice come to the fore in action, especially in verbal imagery (inner speech), as an accentuation of penultimate phases in the language act.  This experience is central to the feeling of conscious choice, intention and desire.

486  In perception and action, there is a progressive analysis of character (self) to choice (selection), decision (specification) and effectuation.  The act/object sequence corresponds with a series from will (drive) to desire and from, intention to act or object.  Moral responsibility depends on the mix of ego- and exo-centric values.  In perception, values are transmitted to objects of interest.  In action, they delimit conduct in relation to self-interest and the needs of others. …The world might be a Laplacean film-strip that comes into awareness as it unreels, but the individual feels the future is open and that the self is positioned at the forward edge of change to a mix of fate and chaos, certainty and chance, destiny and randomness, but not as wholly deterministic.

487  The experience of foreknowledge is linked to the feeling of agency for the event that is foreseen. This association of self and action in agent causation is equivalent to – perhaps the source of – our idea of god’s absolute foreknowledge and his causal power to make all events occur.  …The linkage of foreknowledge and agency in the self, i.e. a thought in advance of an action that is its cause, is transposed to the agency of god.  The individual “projects” the psychic experience of a self that freely acts upon the objects of thought or perception onto a god who sets in motion and intervenes in the passage of nature.  In other words, the concept of god’s agency is derived from the feeling of human intention, as the perception (theory) of object causation is derived from the feeling of agent-causation.

490 – 491  …change our thinking in relation to cause and effect, namely that the former are phases in a single existent, as opposed to elements in causal succession, where cause and effect are distinct objects.  On this view, potential does not exist until it becomes actual, and it is then not causal but ingredient.  The transition from potential to actual is causal if it is divisible into intervening phases, but this does not apply if potential and actual are part of – as stem to leaf – the same entity.  Potential perishes at the moment of actuality, not successively at each phase in the path to the actual, since potential at each phase is part of the actuality it leads to, i.e. part of the epoch of its actualization.  Potential and actual are successive phases in a single momentary existence.  - The feeling of agency –  The intuition of agency begins in action and extends into perceptual objects as a relation that connects a cause to an effect.  …There is an inference in the present state of an effect in the immediate future. The origin of agency in early cognition is also the beginning of a theory of subjective time.  The agency felt in the transition from self to act, both causal and decisional, is displaced into the world in the transition from one object to another.  …The further individuation of the self and mental objects leads to greater autonomy and an opposition of self to inner and outer object, fostering the growth of intentional feeling.  …A purposefulness that goes all the way down is the path to theism.  An evolutionary psychology has purposefulness developing in relation to the direction of feeling.  The repeatability of the direction gives the appearance of purposefulness.  Prior to establishing anisotropy of direction, the becoming of the entity is arbitrary.  Purposefulness undergoes an advance to intention.  The argument that advanced forms exist in earlier ones in statu nascendi is also the critique of an evolutionary account of consciousness and value.   Purposefulness achieves it aim when it terminates.  The aim is not given beforehand. As feeling takes on direction, what is implicit in drive becomes explicit in desire.  An object, and idea, an image or a feeling, as a content in consciousness, is an intentional object.  In human thought, the derivation of affects and ideas out of the conceptual feeling of the self gives intention its directional character.  The immediate action of simple agency arrives at conscious intention when an idea crystallizes between the self and the world.  The interposition of a conscious idea or feeling abbreviates the outgoing stream, further separating the self from its objects.  Intention is the awareness of the goal or the “aboutness” of this direction.  …Mental objects are wider surrogates that forecast the denotations of external ones, as potential undergoes delimitation, action is delayed, and immediacy becomes deliberation (Chapter 19).  A desire discriminates one thing from (all) others.  The choice in desire, especially for absent or imaginary objects, is the root of personal freedom.  The implicit causation in agency is the orderly in perception that underlies the incompleteness of conscious deliberation.  Freedom is achieved by relinquishing the illusion of predictability for that of uncertainty.  The theory of nature as mechanical obscures a diminishing contingency inherent in the evolutionary series all the way down to the inorganic.  The intrinsically contingent is a mark of potentiality.  Volition is made possible by a contingency inherent in the object that is not a mere dependency on the unforeseen vicissitudes of extrinsic change.  Mind is a figural prominence of psychic nature, autonomy an artificial focus - an excessive individuation – of one organism in a society of others, actual or unrealized.

492  -Causation, autonomy and freedom –  Autonomy and causation are linked concepts.  The artificiality of the individual in relation to the field of organic life, or the self in relation to its own objects, is like a cause or effect in isolation from the whole of nature.  They both depend on a mode of thought that replaces continuity with an exceptional degree of separation.  …The distinction of cause and effect in object-causation is parallel to the distinction of self  and world in agent-causation.  In the former, such problems as the demarcation of the cause, its transition to the effect or the attribution of contingency to accidental causation resist analysis by the methods of the very theory they subtend.  Since they cannot be explained by the doctrine of external relations, they vitiate the theory.  A theory that cannot explain its core assumptions is vacuous, not merely incomplete.  A persistent incoherence is close to an unacknowledged refutation.  But here, contingency translates to free will and the connection of cause to effect is even more obscure.

494  In sum, freedom in non-cognitive nature, as well as in the brain state, is grounded in contingency or probability or creative advance, yet the concept of object causation is inherited from human agency, just as the concept of probability is inherited from human choice.  The potential, the novelty and the possibility that are so forceful an experience with an image in the mind survive in the contingency of external objects.  The feeling of volition that is lost as the object exteriorizes is replaced by the feeling of a causal force  that is extrinsic to the observer.  The will exteriorizes with the object as its causal power.  In a word, object causation is mental causation objectified.  The free will that imposes certainty on indecision becomes the power of causation that imposes necessity on contingency.

495  We intuit in our own minds what we find in our models of the universe.  Instead of asking if the mind conforms to the principles of physical science, we should regard these principles as expressions of fundamental patterns of human thought.  This is in agreement with Stapp’s comment that the founders of quantum physics concluded “that the mathematical formalism of quantum theory is about our knowledge,” which somehow has to be reconciled with “nature herself.”  On this view, the objects of physics have their correlates in human thought.  The “laws” of the mind that give the objects of perception (and science)become the physical  laws that govern mind-independent entities as well as mind.

497  The more objective the choice, the less the personal responsibility.  People tend to objectivize personal choices to avoid responsibility – the “shoulds” and “have-to’s” of ordinary discourse – as they blame others for their own failings or attribute a kind of coercion to their own decisions, e.g. I must go to the doctor.  The politician or diplomat may finesse a choice to evade or distribute a responsibility.  There are many ways to disinvigorate choice, by altering its terms, by dilution or contextualization, by postponement, by shifting the responsibility to others, and so on.  When such maneuvers reach the point where the “plain-spoken” yet decisive person who accepts responsibility for his actions is dismissed as naive or foolish, when choices are cleaved from moral obligations, or in cynicism, and when such attitudes become widespread, regardless of the sophistication of the rationale, it points to a dissipation in the character of a society that is a fatal mark of decay.

498  Contingency, like probability, excludes god’s foreknowledge of possible outcomes, and “makes-room” for free will by allowing a multiplicity of possible futures.  Contingency also refers to the conditional in language – if this, then that – but at a deeper level it pertains to unpredictability.  …Some authors have attempted to uncouple volition and conscious decision and postulate a parallel arising of action and intention (Brown, 2003).  This postulates two mechanisms when one is sufficient, and may even require a third mechanism to integrate the other two.  The microgenetic account is more parsimonious.  It posits that intention, or an awareness of the goal or choice in acting, is ordinarily buried as an implicit phase in the action development.  Conscious indecision or hesitation reflects unconscious conflict, since the action (or inaction) is pre-set.  What occurs in consciousness is the awareness of what, in advance, has been unconsciously biased.

499  This agrees with the conclusion of Libet and others that the onset of a purposeful action at least 400 msec, prior to the action, and prior to awareness of the intention to act, indicates unconscious pre-activation, i.e. a voluntary act is not instigated in consciousness.  Libet’s notion of a bubbling-up of the action is consistent with microgenetic concepts.  …Potential resolves to definiteness in the actualization of acts and objects.  Similarly, contingency resolves to causation as the indeterminacy  of potential is fixed by the necessity of definiteness.

507  Creativity demands contingency, or possibility, or potential, or probability, not agent causation.  Joseph Conrad wrote that explicitness “is fatal to the glamour of all artistic work, robbing it of all suggestiveness, destroying all illusion.”  The ambiguity is the indefiniteness prior to agency and actuality, and points, just as do command hallucination, to the passivity of the agent to his own creative imagination.  …The “gap” from mind to world is fundamental to the entire edifice of western thought.  Yet the assumed confrontation of the self with objects that are, in fact, tributaries of the observer’s mind is an error only slightly less pernicious than the separation of mind from physical nature.  The diachronics of subject and object corresponds with the synchronics of self and physical process.  The subject/object relation of phases in a single mind is a succession, while the concurrence of the mental and the physical at each phase in the mind/brain state is simultaneous (Brown 1996).  Freedom seems to require a juncture in the transition from character to act.  Yet the self is realized out of character, conduct is realized out of the self, in a progressive individuation that extends without rupture from mind to world.  The self achieves freedom in the virtual (illusionary) present that frames the action sequence. On the continuity hypothesis, each act is a self-and world-creation.

508  The feeling of a free self unencumbered by antecedent events, a self that can take each moment as it comes and act accordingly, or make unexpected decision, is the result of an occasional accentuation of preliminary phases in a continuous transition to novelty.  Self and choice are successive segments in becoming.  In fact, the awareness of choice owes in part to the “location” of the self antecedent to act and object selection, prior to final definiteness.  The creative would seem to be the “highest” expression of free will, as habit and repetition are its nadir.  But the creative is not a product of the self, for the self is re-created with its contents.  Process is creative at every phase.

Jason Brown – PAL – Chapter 17 – Luck and the Pursuit of Happiness 457-483

457  - Greater happiness –   In Utilitarian ethics, happiness is an impersonal measure of the quantity of pleasure in the greatest number of people, though personal happiness is pleasure in the free exercise of personality.  Since one can obtain pleasure from non-moral or immoral conduct, it is necessary for goodness that virtue motivate the pursuit of happiness to align it with ethical conduct and guarantee that its goods have equitable distribution.  Virtue is an objective assessment of the goodness of character, happiness a subjective assessment of pleasurable feeling.  Virtue is a quality, happiness a state.  They are not coordinate concepts.  A virtuous person may be unhappy, a non-virtuous person may be happy.  If happiness is independent of virtue, they must be combined for the individual to receive pleasure from acts of moral goodness.  …Happiness was virtue in pursuit of the Good.  Thus, we say that virtue is not to be bartered, it is, as the saying goes, “it’s own reward” and should, if genuine and consistent with desire, be a source of personal pleasure.

458  Schopenhauer wrote that the goal of moral development is for the oughts to disappear.  The closer the pursuit of one’s objects to the values that evoke them, the more happiness is aligned with goodness of character, or to the Greek ideal of happiness in relation to virtue.

460  …the question of what is required of a person for the greater happiness.  The happiness of the ordinary persona may consist in nothing more than work, shelter, food and companionship.

461  Utilitarianism dilutes and transforms moral feeling to an objective quantity of shared experience.  Bentamism is social theory, not moral philosophy.  Bradley put it well when he wrote of Utilitarianism that “its heart is in the right place, but the brain is lacking.”  …The more impersonal the perspective, the more axiomatic the rule, the more artificial the methodology (e.g. Rawls), and the more the morality becomes a metapsychological attitude distinct from its affective base.  To see a situation from  another perspective is not to feel the situation as if one were actually in it, which entails an experience of oneness or fusion with the other.  One may have a tolerant attitude towards persecution until one’s own family is assaulted.  A fusion with the other mitigates this disparity.  A detached perspective reduces self-interest and should increase the moral value of an action. but it is engagement, not detachment, that aligns moral feeling with right conduct.

462  The major problem with greater happiness is that it is act-bound and linked to outcomes, not values or motives.  A life conceived as the sum of its acts ignores the intrapsychic portion, which is the inner life.  …Does the moral choice in these situations not depend on the agent’s moral character rather than the actual outcome?  Indeed, the contradiction in the calculus is shown in the fact that Utilitarianism would tolerate a great benefit from the use of medical data obtained by Mengele, even if the man and his methods are denounced as immoral.  …The move from intrinsic to extrinsic relations is the shift from personal value, which is qualitative, to impersonal fact as a quantity.  MacKinnon wrote of Utilitarianism as the “sovereignty of fact.”  Basically, it is the moral calculus, upside-down with a kindly face.

463 – 464   Happiness consists in the ability and opportunity to seek that which one desires.  It is the enjoyment of a subjective aim, an alignment with the forward-going process of life, a finding that contrasts sharply with the Buddhist concept of desire as the source of suffering and the extinction of desire as the key to happiness.  ..A philosophy that avoids psychology by positing givens just when psychological explanation is required may constitute an edifice that is logically consistent all the way down, until it arrives at its own foundations.

465  We cannot derive a feeling from a rational argument.  The fact that an object ought to give pleasure or that it is logic al that a given object should bring pleasure, e.g. that virtue leads to pleasure or happiness, does not explain why, or even predict that, it gives pleasure.  However, I do think there is more to be said than that objects are “dear in and for themselves.”  …A person can have immense pleasure on hearing a new piece of  music for which he has not yet developed a desire,  Even solitude is a source of inestimable pleasure.  Such observations raise questions for any theory of pleasure that depends on the value of its objects.

466  The more primitive the music, the more bodily is enjoyment and the communal the activity.

467  The feeling in the performer is not necessarily transmitted to the listener, just as the donor’s pleasure in an act ofr self-denial is not the same pleasure as that felt by the recipient.  Inevitably, the expression of feeling is both aided and impeded by its articulation in action.  Speech is constantly attempting to exhaust concepts and feelings, but it fails  when there are intese or subtle feeling that are essentually wordless, ineffable, unanalyzable.  … – Agents and victims –  Does it matter if sacrifice for others leads to personal happiness or unhappiness?  If a good act makes one happy, the agent’s values are aligned with his conduct.  If the same good act incurs a sense of obligation or makes one bitter or frustrated, does that diminish its moral value?  …The values and intentions of the agent are intrinsic to the immediate moral consequences of the action, just as are the values of those affected.  …If subjectivity is not a factor in the origin of the act, it has to be introduced later in the interpretation of its consequence.  To permit it at one point and exclude it at another is arbitrary.  In sum, if the subjective is eliminated at one end. it cannot be reinserted at the other without inflicting a fatal incoherence in theory.

468  A fully objective or act-based account of moral conduct, or one based on conformance to an external standard or ideal excludes reason, motivation, character and the psychic concomitants of injury.  An action cannot be severed from the private states of those involved.   …Luck begins at conception with the genetic endowment, continues through the pregnancy, and after birth with health, family, educational opportunities and so on.

469  One can aggressively hunt a partner, but finding the right  one seems more a matter of chance (or fate) than volition.  The suspension of agency accounts for the feeling that one “falls” in love, or is “swept” away.  …Since we desire good luck and hope to avoid bad luck, the feeling of agency in good and bad luck is not symmetrical.  Once bad luck strikes there is often little we can do about it, but good luck engages volition in preparedness and exploiting an opportunity.

470 -471  What is coincidence or fortune for one person is destiny for another.  Luck takes the unexpected as accidental, fate perceives the same event as inevitable.  One who believes in luck could think that the world process is unpredictable, contingent or determined.  One who believes in fate thinks process is fixed.  I think the latter view entails an absence of true agency in the mind, and for many people a surrogate agency in the world, a deus ex machina in physical nature, for how could anyone otherwise believe that Laplacian causation could be  so  particular and rigidly determined as fate requires?  The idea of god’s will, the “divine luck” of Aristotle, introduces  the specificity of god’s agency into accidents of probability.  Fate is the hand of god, the laws of nature, universal causation, impacting on events that would otherwise be random or probabilistic.  …The mind wavers on a tightrope between probability and fate.  The probability of an event is like its potential.  Once the event occurs, and probability becomes actual, its actuality become its fate.  The openness of probability is opposed to the irrevocability of fate, as a manifold of possibilities collapses to the inevitability of the actual.  Probability, like potential, looks ahead, fate like actuality is retrospective.  A definite if unforeseen future is inferred from the fixity of the past.  The fixity of the ast is imposed on the openness of the future.  This openness derives from an intuition of the potential in each actuality.  The actuality itself is not prospective, it perishes and is replaced.  Once the actuality is settled, its potential evaporates, giving a succession of actualities in what appears to be a causal  chain, the sequence of which is what it must be since it could-not-have-been-otherwise.  That is why a look backward in life suggest to many a plan that guided the life along.   Fate is to agency and decisiveness as probability is to choice or uncertainty, but fate and probability, being extrapersonal and outside human agency, are not related to moral conduct in the same way as agency and choice, which are intrapsychic.

472  The more that personal agency plays a role in the event, the less that luck or chance intervenes.  Agency is irrelevant to a person who believes all events are fated to happen as they do.  And what is fate if not universal causation, or the mind of god depositng the accidents of life that human thought forges into destiny?

473  Luck introduces a kind of magic when need is not satisfied by determinism or contingency.  Fate is the objective interpretation of what  otherwise seems accidental.  Luck is the subjective interpretation of why fate is distributed unfairly.

480  The locus of agency is precisely at the junction of inner and outer, where the presumptive freedom of the will meets the causal world.  That is why a psychology of agency, as Nagel points out, is a central goal if we are to understand the complex issues that pertain to culpability, regret and responsibility.

482  In sum, regret tends to occur when a deliberate action turns out to have been unlucky, whereas if that action is the cause of an injury to another person there is remorse.  In regret, there is self-pity, in remorse pity for others, which is a form of compassion.  …Regret is for personal choices, moral or not, while remorse, which has great moral weight, involves retroactive compassion, or guilt over acts harmful to others for which one feels responsible.

Jason Brown – PAL – Chapter 16 – Morality and Suicide – 431-456

431 – 432  Suicide and altruism: self and community – The progression in evolutionary and social development is from genus to species, whole to part, community to individual.  Dependency is prior to separation.  The individual becomes autonomous through a process of individuation.  In line with this pattern, altruist suicide precedes egoistic suicide as the community or whole precedes the individual or the part.  A suicide for the other engages the community as an isolated suicide does not.  Ordinary suicide tends to be more common in advanced societies.  Durkheim claimed that altruistic suicide was more prominent in primitive societies.  Most people who helped the Jews during the Holocaust were not the professional or intellectual class, but ordinary people.  Rationality may well be the enemy of sympathetic feeling even as it justifies compassion.  …Though evolution entails an individual genetic adaptation, evolutionary process subordinates the individual to the species.  In this, human altruism is an atavistic trait, a form of adaptive process with an incomplete individuation of the organism as a unique instance and its pruning for the sake of the group.

435  Suicide for others - Altruism and self-sacrifice may have a suicidal outcome, but they posses a moral value in love, compassion and obligation that suicide foregoes.  Love exist for its own sake, it does not require that one do something.  Charity is like this, but one is usually prompted to help.  Compassion without action is sympathy.

436  It is only when courage is applied  to acts of goodness that it becomes virtuous.  …Generally, altruism entails the sustenance of the life or well being of others by self-denial or suicide.  …To sacrifice one’s life to destroy evil is an act of nobility and virtue.

437  The suicide bomber has a cause, a principle that governs his behavior.  Like the soldier, he is drilled to carry out his duty without question.  Unlike the altruist who dives in the river to save a child, the planning and deliberation of the suicidal bomber add to the moral credit, or blame, of the action.  For those who applaud the act he is a martyr and a hero, for others, a murderer and a coward.

438  The policeman acts out of a sense of duty or obligation, the missionary out of a saintly calling.  The important difference is the relative  emphasis  on feeling or conduct, which is a sign of the relative proximity of action to subjective desire or objective necessity.  The closer the emphasis to conduct, the further from core beliefs, and the less the other is the need of the person one loves to that action is guided by the ought of duty, irrespective of compassion.  Shame, not morality, is the guardian of courage.

439  One could argue that a white saving a black, a Nazi saving a Jew, a Turk saving a Greek, has greater value, for it overcomes bias in the respect for a common humanity regardless of racial, ethnic or religious loyalties.  We need the objective as a sign of the scope of moral feeling, but to include it in evaluating conduct introduces a quantitative element that undermines the qualitative nature of character.

440  Value is not a quantity. The attempt to quantify objects or events irrespective of the feeling directed to them confuses the act-value, e.g. a dog, a child.  The mix of intentions, object-nature and extra-personal knowledge contaminates and threatens to erode the altruism of the act.

442 – 443   Certainly, political decisions tend to be more complex than those of individuals, and responsibility is often distributed, but I think this is largely a self-justification when one tries to balance competing interest and objectives rather than giving a clear statement of moral purpose.  …Clearly those who act risk condemnation for conduct that may pale in terms of outcome and responsibility to those who could act but do nothing.  …historical perspective, however necessary for the moral calculus guiding political decision, is an untrustworthy guide to an assignment of individual moral credit or blame.  The original context is forgotten, or at least not experience in the same way, and the judgement will vary with the changing mood of the society.  …Altruistic and ordinary suicide make death interesting, for unlike ordinary dying they are both liked and separated by intentional meaning.  One becomes the other according to its interpretation, which could be a judgement by the agent, a weighing of intentions, the verdict of others, the context and outcome.  …Altruism and suicide are anomalies that are fundamental to human nature.   They are important because they reflect the extinction of self-interest in despair, or the sacrifice of one’s self for others or futurity.

445  One who lives for another round of sexual intercourse, tomatoes in the garden, fresh coffee in the morning, has found a purpose, albeit a pig’s happiness, but even here there is a re-commitment to extend life another moment.  In this respect, it is a conceptual analogue of the rebirth of a cognition in the ashes of the just-prior state.

446  A thing must be renewed or die.  The self is renewed out of the unconscious of that moment.  Bored with daily events, we are refreshed in each perception.  We can decide to terminate the series of replacements or leave that decision to illness, accident or old age.  …Some people continue for the pleasure of recollection, the revival and the savoring, others for a better future, still others, the wisest of all, live in amazement at each passing moment.

447  There is not only the death of the body and the self, but with them a lifetime of knowledge and skill.  In truth, however, it is knowledge in the present or the potential for present knowledge, not a lifetime of experience that is lost.  …Whether  a life is a drop in the ocean of time, or an ocean is a drop in a living moment, the duration of life is meaningless, a span somewhere between death as a stillborn and life as a vampire, the infinitely brief, the eternally long, a life snuffed before a drop of experience or one of unending recurrence.

448  The subjectivity of the duration of a life, as with the duration of the present, differs for each subject.  We all run on slightly different times.  For most of us, life passes too quickly, for some it is too long.  A single day may seem interminable or fly by unnoticed.  In fact, the length of a life is the feeling of its duration, the the chronology it consumes.  The feeling is like a mood with indistinct limits and contents. A mood is punctuated  by feelings.  But a mood is not a collection of feelings into which it disperses, as a  duration is not a boxcar of moments in a process of summation.

449  Once we sense the teachings of the unconscious in every act or decision we have made, we understand that life is whole.  Even the regrets and what-ifs of life, its accidents and catastrophes, can be interpreted or justified by this awareness.  The occurrence of novelty as an iterated flowering of potential helps to explain how life is derailed from what might have been its more authentic course.  The fortuitous and incidental may have a greater impact than crisis of decision that, at the time, seemed momentous.  Once a life is perceived as a whole, it feels complete.  What follows is inessential to the life that has passed.  This feeling can occur at any point in life, and is one element of suicidal ideation.  …- The disappearance of time –  Fundamentally, in suicide there is a shift in the sense of time, obvious in the wish of the individual to dissolve into non-existence from a temporal world of identity  and self-repeatability, but apparent as well in subtler changes.  For those who contemplate suicide, the length of life in the future shrinks to zero. …To live in the past or present is to live at an early or final segment in the mind/brain state.

450  When a rescued suicide moves on, the will to suicide may not follow.  Like a drive, it discharges and is satisfied in the act, even if unsuccessful

452  A suicide abandons his responsibilities to others or the state in many less weighty circumstances.  Such an act might well constitute  a serious moral breach, especially because there is no possibility of retribution.

453  The loss of will is a loss of intentional feeling that accompanies a disinterest in the future. …If death is the mistress of fear, the conquest of the fear of death should make one fearless.

454 – 455  Dying is simple, which is not to say comprehensible.  The truly simple is never so simple that it does not have an element of wonder.  The passage to the inorganic is simplicity and mystery.  The divide between the living and the dead, the passage to oblivion is like the drab frontier one crosses on leaving a land of suffering.  Its markers are the inaudible gasp, the slow exhalation, a road sign missed in a blink.  …Death cam quietly as they left this world.  I gave them comfort, held their hands, listened, reassured.  A glance to the side, the relaxation of a grip, they were gone.  …For those still living, the loss of a life filled with promise is a challenge to mind meaning where its surrogates in goals and hope can no longer be realized.  …Every throb of life is a cry in the void, a declaration, a defiance.  The search for the sources of creative energy in layers beneath the conscious life, the recognition that meaning and purpose are not in the world waiting to be discovered but are generated in a process of self-creation, are the beginnings of true individuality.